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3.2 MECHANISM OF THE CCD ELECTRICAL

CHARGE TRANSMISSION

The TMC-7 uses a 4-phase drive method CCD. For

simplicity, a 2-phase drive method CCD is explained

below.

Figure 1 shows an example of the changes which can

occur in potential wells in successive time intervals.

At t1, the electrode voltages are fH1>fH2, so the

potential wells are deeper toward the electrode at the

higher voltage fH1. An electrical charge accumulates

in these deep wells.

At t2, the clock voltages fH1 and fH2 are reversed;

now the wells toward the electrode at voltage fH2

become deeper while those toward the electrode at

fH1 become shallower. So the wells at fH2 are deeper

than those at fH1 and the signal charge flows toward

the deeper wells.

At t3, the electrode voltages have not changed

because of t2, so the signal charge flows into the wells

toward the electrode at fH2; one transmission of elec-

trical charge is completed. This action is repeated over

and over to execute the horizontal transmissions.

Vertical transfer

The vertical shift register transfers charges using a

four-phase drive mode. Figure 2 shows an example of

the changes which can occur in potential wells in suc-

cessive time intervals. At tO, the electrode voltages are

(V1 = V2)>(V3 = V4), so the potential wells are deeper

toward the electrode at the higher voltages V1 and V2.

Charges accumulate in these deep wells.

At t1, the electrode voltages are (V1 = V2 = V3)>(V4),

so the charges accumulate in the wells toward the

electrode at V1, V2 and V3.

At t2, the electrode voltages are (V2 = V3)>(V4 = V1),

so the charges accumulate in the wells toward the

electrode at V2 and V3. Electrode voltage states at t3

and after are shown below.

t3(V2 = V3 = V4)>(V1)

t4(V3 = V4)>(V1 = V2)

t5(V4>(V1 = V2 = V3)

t6(V4 = V1)>(V2 = V3)

t7(V4 = V1 = V2)>(V3)

t8(V1 = V2)>(V3 = V4) (Initial state)

These operations are repeated to execute the vertical

transfer.

time

potential profile

transfer direction

Operating Pulse Waveforms (ø1, ø2 or øH1, øH2)

(minus) shows lower

impurity concentration

potential profile

P - sub

ø2

ø1

N-

N- N N- N N- N N-

N, N- * : N type impurity

* -

V0

ø2

ø1

V1 > VO

t1 t2 t3

transfer direction

V3

4 Phase CCD Drive

Figure 1

Figure 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 13 14

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